4/16/2024 0 Comments Friction rub lung soundsHowever, as chest images are developed, the degree of dependence on auscultation is relatively decreasing. So far, the stethoscope has been widely used and adopted as the physician’s primary medical tool. Since then, the stethoscope has gradually changed to a device with a binaural form, flexible tubing, and a rigid diaphragm. In 1817, French doctor Rene Laennec invented an auscultation tool and it enabled him to listen to internal noises of patients. It is particularly useful in respiratory diseases, and abnormal respiratory sounds provide information on various pathological conditions of lungs and bronchi. A stethoscope is considered one of the most valuable medical devices because it is non-invasive, available in real-time, and much informative. In the long-standing history of mankind, auscultation has long been widely used for the examination of patients. There are still challenges to overcome, such as the analysis of complex and mixed respiratory sounds and noise filtering, but continuous research and technological development will facilitate the transition to a new era of a wearable and smart stethoscope. In addition, the current advances in battery technology, embedded processors with low power consumption, and integrated sensors make possible the development of wearable and wireless stethoscopes, which can help to examine patients living in areas of a shortage of doctors or those who need isolation. Deep learning-based analysis with an automatic feature extractor and convoluted neural network classifier has been applied for the accurate analysis of respiratory sounds. In particular, the recordable stethoscope made it possible to analyze breathing sounds using artificial intelligence, especially based on neural network. Recent innovative digital stethoscopes have overcome the limitations and enabled clinicians to store and share the sounds for education and discussion. Conventional stethoscope could not record the respiratory sounds, so it was impossible to share the sounds. Although auscultation is non-invasive, rapid, and inexpensive, it has intrinsic limitations such as inter-listener variability and subjectivity, and the examination must be performed face-to-face. Pediatric Pulmonology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.Auscultation with stethoscope has been an essential tool for diagnosing the patients with respiratory disease. Less experienced physicians perform better on lung auscultation, indicating that continuing education with critical feedback should be offered.Ĭrackles pleural friction rub respiratory sounds squawks wheezes. Gaps remain in both terminology and recognition of lung sounds among a wide population of Greek physicians. Years of experience were negatively correlated with the number of correct answers (OR: 0.73 CI:0.62-0.84 p = 0.001). The medical specialty was correlated with the correct answers and both pediatricians and physicians of general/internal medicine and subspecialties recognized fewer sounds compared with respiratory physicians (odds ratio : 0.37 confidence interval : 0.22-0.62 p < 0.001 and, OR: 0.47 CI: 0.22-0.99, p = 0.048, respectively). The rates of correct answers were 55.2% for fine crackles, 74.5% for coarse crackles, 72.2% for wheezes, 18.75% for squawks, and 11.25% for pleural friction rub. They listened to five audio-recorded respiratory sounds and described them in free-form answers. The present study aimed to assess the auscultatory skills of healthcare professionals and medical students.Ī total of 295 physicians (185 pediatricians, 69 pulmonologists, and 41 physicians of general/internal medicine and subspecialties), 55 residents, and 50 medical students participated in the survey. However, the ability of observers to recognize respiratory sounds varies considerably and depends on the sound. Lung auscultation is an important tool for diagnosing respiratory diseases.
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